Ryzhov V.P.*,
Ryzhova L.P**, Hakurate A.M.***, Kuzmin
M.B.*, Krasavin A.G.*
Moscow, Russia
*Institute for the Problems of Complex Development of
Entrails of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
**The Moscow State University of Geological Exploration;
***The Moscow Mining University
GEOETHICS IN ASSESSING MANAGEMENT BY
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION EFFICACY IN UNDERGROUND
DEVELOPMENT OF ORE FIELDS
A unified methodology for
assessing the level and for analyzing the state of the arrangement of
geological, mining and technological processes at ore fields is absent because
of unavailable normative methodological documentation. That hampers to perform
operations connected with the optimization of management processes for grounded
and efficient selection of the both exploitation and exploration technological
system in their complex development. Management solutions have a great
destructive force with huge damages. They may be inefficient and detrimental
because of ungrounded goals, insufficient resources, unspecified
interrelationships, multivariate character of the solved problems etc.
Selection of particular technical solutions and efficacy of exploitation works
intimately depend on the quality of geological, technological and economic
information got by the previous exploration. Unconfirmed exploration data
result in huge economic losses when suspension, re-dislocation of exploitation
operations, shortening ore mine service terms, imbalance in left and put in
capacities occur. Exploration and exploitation parameters are interrelated and
therefore a multivariate analysis of approaches in search for the optimum
economic effect solutions is needed. Concrete economic-mathematical models
practically for any productive system are currently absent. Therefore the
requirements of the optimal development
and functioning of productive systems need to develop economic-mathematical
modeling systems from geoethical positions. A systemic approach – interrelated
with quantitative assessment and qualitative analysis of the productive
technological structure of a geological and mining preparation - allows the
metallurgic enterprise to detect and realize the reserves of enhancement in
efficacy and optimization of exploitation exploration in a complex development
of ore fields.
Recently the problem of
reassessing raw material base has appeared taking into account conjuncture of
mineral raw materials, abrupt rise in the price of energy carriers, materials,
transportation, change in social, economic and other factors caused by transfer
to the market conditions.
Rise in demand for raw
materials, increase in explorative operations expanding geological results of
previous extraction operations, complication of mining-technological processes,
perspectives by flanges or by deposit dipping stimulate development of mining
enterprises. Old enterprises are reconstructed, new capital developments pass,
preparation plants are modernized or amplified by modern aggregates, power base
and social sphere are strengthened etc.
Revision of
technical-economic grounding by current and future prices taking into account
high power capacity of mining and processing production results as a rule in
cutting balance reserves of mineral resources down to 30-70% from those
accounted by the state balance.
The world statistics suggest
that for a majority of mineral resources per one unit or large field there are
several tens of small objects, but due to relatively low content of mineral
resources in such fields, a large funding should be required for their
exploration and productive development. Decreased level of prices for some
color and rare metals and vice versa a sharp rise of prices for noble metals,
attention to the possibility of exploiting small fields has increased - first
of all in the case of gold ore and polymetallic fields. The tasks of
determining the borders of small fields, capacity of small mining-preparation
enterprises, specifying exploitation testing information based on probability
and statistical methods resulting in a significant increase in efficacy of ore
deposit development are the main problems requiring scientific and
technical-economic study.
Currently the use of a
flexible system in studies attains actuality: formation of demand in mineral
raw materials that will be determined by reasonable sufficiency principles;
management by technological processes and parameters in the predetermined time
regimen; efficacy of applying and using automotive technological equipment;
correspondence of possibility and necessity of developing a particular field.
In order to achieve these
goals, the ways of the most rational functioning and perspectives of upgrading
ore mines must be marked. Therefore, detailing ore fields that cause the need
to determine peculiarities of mining and geological conditions, parameters of
sites and options of the development systems by geological and technological
mapping are of interest (using geometry of entrails based on mineralogical
assessment of a field that gives a concrete selection of the economically
justified and ecologically clean technologies from the point of view of
geoethics).
Current
international practice - based on the time price of money concept - provides
for estimating efficiency of capital input by conducting and bringing together
capital invested by the present time and cash flow.
The methods
of determining input and output cash flows are considered on the following
examples: purchase of machines and equipment substituting hand labor;
introduction of advanced automotive machines for mastering technological
processes; comparison of machine park replacement options by different types of
machines when several modifications are suggested on the market. Thus currently
- when compiling business plans - fixed capital
renewal must be assessed based on comparing input and output cash flows for the
whole period of realizing investment projects.
Application
of different options of development schemes in underground working of ores may
lead to the quality failure of extractable value of recovered raw material due
to conducting drilling-explosive operations in breaking ores. Mechanical method
can serve as an alternative to this breaking method but its productivity is
much lower.
Diversity of
mining and geological conditions of ore fields requires a thorough analysis and
making weighted decisions caused by a high value of extractable raw material,
selection of rational development systems and ethical attitude to geological
environment.